HISTORY OF GENITAL SURGERY

GENITAL SURGERY TIMELINE (Blasdel, 2021; Castle, 2023)

1906

Intersex man Karl M. Bare gets multiple surgeries, though we are missing details as the records were burned by the Nazis (Aderet, 2015).

1917

Dr. Alan L. Hart gets a hysterectomy and socially transitions (Young, 2022).

1936

First reports of (abdominal) phalloplasty for cisgender men (Frey et al., 2017).

2008

Combined flap phalloplasty first performed (van der Sluis et al., 2017).

2022

Extended metoidioplasty first reported (Morrison et al., 2022).

1939

Dr. Michael Dillon is the first person documented to take testosterone to medically transition (Frey et al., 2017).

1946

Dr. Michael Dillon is the first trans person to undergo (abdominal) phalloplasty, performed by Dr. Harold Gillies (Frey et al., 2017).

1972

The pedicled groin flap is introduced for phalloplasty for cisgender men (Frey et al., 2017).

1973

First reports of metoidioplasty (Bordas et al., 2021).

1982

First RFF phalloplasty (Frey et al., 2017).

1984

First RFF phalloplasty performed using the “tube-within-a-tube” technique (Frey et al., 2017).

1986

Vaginal mucosa used for urethral reconstruction in phalloplasty (Meyer et al., 1986). 

1993

First reports of the use of the V-Y scrotoplasty technique to create a hanging scrotum (Hage et al., 1993).

1999

MLD phalloplasty first performed (Perovic et al., 2007).

2003

ALT phalloplasty first performed (Felici & Felici, 2006).

2006

SCIP phalloplasty first performed (Koshima et al., 2006).

2007

Extensive metoidioplasty first performed (Cohanzad, 2016).

REFERENCES

Aderet, O. (2015, December 5). Recalling the First Sex Change Operation in History: A German-Israeli Insurance Salesman. Haaretz. https://www.haaretz.com/israel-news/2015-12-05/ty-article/.premium/the-first-sex-change-surgery-in-history/0000017f-f3fd-d5bd-a17f-f7ffa4970000.

Blasdel, G. (2021, July). Transmasculine Genital Surgery in the 21st Century. Philadelphia Transgender Wellness Conference 2021, Philadelphia, PA, United States.

Bordas, N., Stojanovic, B., Bizic, M., Szanto, A., & Djordjevic, M. L. (2021). Metoidioplasty: Surgical Options and Outcomes in 813 Cases. Frontiers in Endocrinology, 12, 760284.

Castle, E. (2023, October). Phalloplasty and Metoidioplasty A-to-D: A genital surgery crash course. TransPride PGH 2023, Virtual, United States.

Cohanzad, S. (2016). Extensive Metoidioplasty as a Technique Capable of Creating a Compatible Analogue to a Natural Penis in Female Transsexuals. Aesthetic Plastic Surgery, 40(1), 130–138.

Felici, N., & Felici, A. (2006). A new phalloplasty technique: the free anterolateral thigh flap phalloplasty. Journal of Plastic, Reconstructive & Aesthetic Surgery: JPRAS, 59(2), 153–157.

Frey, J. D., Poudrier, G., Thomson, J. E., & Hazen, A. (2017). A Historical Review of Gender-Affirming Medicine: Focus on Genital Reconstruction Surgery. The Journal of Sexual Medicine, 14(8), 991–1002.

Hage, J. J., Bouman, F. G., & Bloem, J. J. (1993). Constructing a scrotum in female-to-male transsexuals. Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, 91(5), 914–921.

Koshima, I., Nanba, Y., Nagai, A., Nakatsuka, M., Sato, T., & Kuroda, S. (2006). Penile reconstruction with bilateral superficial circumflex iliac artery perforator (SCIP) flaps. Journal of Reconstructive Microsurgery, 22(3), 137–142.

Meyer, R., Daverio, P. J., & Dequesne, J. (1986). One-stage phalloplasty in transsexuals. Annals of Plastic Surgery, 16(6), 472–479.

Morrison, S. D., Morris, M. P., Mokken, S. E., Buncamper, M. E., & Özer, M. (2022). Technical Refinements to Extended Metoidioplasty without Urethral Lengthening: Surgical Technique. Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery. Global Open, 10(2), e4101.

Perovic, S. V., Djinovic, R., Bumbasirevic, M., Djordjevic, M., & Vukovic, P. (2007). Total phalloplasty using a musculocutaneous latissimus dorsi flap. BJU International, 100(4), 899–905; discussion 905.

van der Sluis, W. B., Smit, J. M., Pigot, G. L. S., Buncamper, M. E., Winters, H. A. H., Mullender, M. G., & Bouman, M.-B. (2017). Double flap phalloplasty in transgender men: Surgical technique and outcome of pedicled anterolateral thigh flap phalloplasty combined with radial forearm free flap urethral reconstruction. Microsurgery, 37(8), 917–923.

Young, M. (2022, March 11). Alan Hart (1890-1962). Oregon Encyclopedia. https://www.oregonencyclopedia.org/articles/hart_alan_1890_1962_/